Accuracy of the Moyers 75% Probability Table in Predicting Dental Arch Space in Batak Ethnic Students at the University Sumatera Utara

Silvia Arifa; Siti Bahirrah; Muslim Yusuf; Ervina Sofyanti

doi:10.71197/jsocmed.v4i9.233

Accuracy of the Moyers 75% Probability Table in Predicting Dental Arch Space in Batak Ethnic Students at the University Sumatera Utara

Silvia Arifa
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Siti Bahirrah
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Muslim Yusuf
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Ervina Sofyanti
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Abstract

Introduction: Accurate prediction of dental arch space is crucial for effective orthodontic treatment planning, particularly in mixed dentition analysis. The Moyers prediction table at 75% probability is widely used to estimate space requirements for unerupted canines and premolars, but its accuracy varies across populations due to ethnic differences in tooth size and arch dimensions. This study evaluates the accuracy of the Moyers 75% probability table in predicting dental arch space among Batak ethnic students at Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 Batak ethnic USU students (30 males, 30 females, aged 18–25 years) with normal occlusion and no history of orthodontic treatment. Dental casts were obtained, and mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars were measured using digital calipers (accuracy 0.01 mm). Actual measurements were compared with predicted values from the Moyers 75% probability table. Discrepancies were analyzed, and accuracy was assessed as the percentage of predictions within ±1 mm of actual measurements.

Results: The Moyers table overestimated canine-premolar space by an average of 1.2 mm in males and 0.9 mm in females. Accuracy within ±1 mm was achieved in 65% of cases, with significant differences between predicted and actual values (p<0.05). Sexual dimorphism was observed, with larger discrepancies in males.

Conclusion: The Moyers 75% probability table shows moderate accuracy in Batak ethnic students, suggesting the need for population-specific adjustments. Further studies should explore ethnic variations to enhance orthodontic prediction models.

Similar Articles

Ilham Habib Djarkoni, Muhammad Iqbal Basri, Muhammad Akbar, Firdaus Hamid, Andi Kurnia Bintang, Jumraini Tamasse, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Level and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)/Creatinin Ratio Relationship with One-Month Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 12 (2023): December
Nadiah Masyab, Anggia Chairuddin Lubis , Abdul Halim Raynaldo , Factors Related to Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): April
Ratna Mariana Tamba, Hilfan Ade Putra Lubis, Zulfikri Mukhtar, Andika Sitepu, Faisal Habib, Cut Aryfa Andra, T. Bob Haykal, The Relationship between Transient Ischemic Dilation (TID) and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) in Haji Adam Malik Medan, Indonesia , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 9 (2023): September
Raja Alfian Irawan, Dina Aprilia Ariestine, Anggia Chairuddin Lubis, Taufik Sungkar, Melati Silvanni Nasution, Determinants of Frailty Status in Elderly Patients with Permanent Pacemakers at Adam Malik Hospital, Medan , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 8 (2025): August
Antonius Leonardo Purba, Nizam Zikri Akbar, Yuke Sarastri, The Relationship between Myocardial Strain Using 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography and Coronary Lesion Severity Measured by Syntax Score in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome at Haji Adam Malik Hospital , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): April
Harel Mega Serafine Simanjuntak, Haflin Soraya Hutagalung, Indri Adriztina, Sri Amelia, Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Primary Headache Among Employees of PT. Valeo Ac Indonesia , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 12 (2024): December
Lela Khaibirunna A.P, Noni Novisari Soeroso, Desfrina Kasuma, Putri Eyanoer, BRAF Mutation Status and Histopathological Differentiation Patterns in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Tertiary Referral Center Study in Indonesia , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 5 No. 5 (2026): May
Junius F. A. Simarmata, Kiking Ritarwan, Rabies Encephalitis: Fatal Yet Neglected, A Case Report , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): February
Qien Jovan Fatraya, Zainal Safri , Anggia Chairuddin Lubis , The Relationship Between Elevated Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index (SII) and the Severity of Coronary Lesions in Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS) Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography at Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 4 No. 6 (2025): June
Edlin, Mual Kristian Sinaga, Prolotherapy in Chronic Coccydynia , Journal of Society Medicine: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): February

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 > >>

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

PDF

Published at

30. September 2025
https://doi.org/10.71197/jsocmed.v4i9.233
Issue:

Vol. 4 No. 9 (2025): September
Section:

Case Reports
Keywords:

Moyers Table Dental Arch Space Batak Ethnicity Mixed Dentition Analysis Orthodontic Prediction
References:

Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2007.

Pawar RO, Bhat SR. Prediction of mesiodistal width of the mandibular permanent canines and premolars by utilizing the mesiodistal width of mandibular first permanent molars and incisors. Int J Sci Study. 2016;3(10):178-81.

Parkhedkar AR, Kohli VS, Jatania A, Meshram J, Kadam S, Sanap M. Prediction of mesiodistal diameter of unerupted second premolars and canines non-radiographically. Int J Dent Sci Res. 2017;5(2):22-4.

Toodehzaeim MH, Aghili H, Shariatifar E, Dehghani M. New regression equations for mixed dentition space analysis in an Iranian population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(6):1156-9.

Mahmoud BK, Hamed SI, Asab A, Taib H. Accuracy of four tooth size prediction methods on Malay population. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:523703.

Butt S, Wahid A, Chaudry S, Ehsan A. Mixed dentition space analysis. Pak Oral Dent J. 2012;32(3):503-5.

Boitor CG, Stoica F, Nasser H. Prediction of mesiodistal size of unerupted canines and premolars for a group of Romanian children: a comparative study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2013;21(3):237-44.

Kundi IU. Mesiodistal crown dimensions of the permanent dentition in different malocclusions in Saudi population. Pak Oral Dent J. 2015;35(3):429-32.

Barberia E, Suarez MC, Villalon G, Maroto M, Garcia-Godoy F. Standards for mesiodistal and buccolingual crown size and height of primary molars in a sample of Spanish children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2009;10(4):169-75.

Galvao MAB, Dominguez GC, Tormin ST, Akamine A, Tortamano A, Fantini SM. Applicability of Moyers analysis in mixed dentition. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18(6):101-4.

Dasgupta B, Zahir S. Comparison of two non-radiographic techniques of mixed dentition space analysis and evaluation of their reliability for Bengali population. Contemp Clin Dent. 2012;3(Suppl 2):S146-51.

Memon S, Fida M. Comparison of three mixed dentition analysis methods in orthodontic patients at AKUH. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010;20(8):533-6.

Gyawali R, Shrestha BK, Yadav R. Mixed dentition space analysis among Nepalese Brahmins/Chhetris. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:36.

Antonieta PM, Marcelo C, Juan R, Gabriel B, Claudia F. Applicability of the Moyers prediction tables at 75% on Mapuche-Huilliche patients, Chile. Odontoestomatologia. 2014;16(24):13-7.

Simanjuntak BA. Struktur sosial dan sistem politik Batak Toba hingga 1945: suatu pendekatan antropologi budaya dan politik. 1st ed. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia; 2006.

Brook AH, Griffin RC, Townsend G, Levisianos Y, Russell J, Smith RN. Variability and patterning in permanent tooth size of four human ethnic groups. In: International Workshop on Oral Growth and Development; 2007; Liverpool. p. 1-24.

Kaur A, Singh R, Mittal S, Sharma S, Bector A, Awasthi S. Evaluation and applicability of Moyers mixed dentition arch analysis in Himachal population. DJAS. 2014;2(2):98-100.

Al-Bitar ZB, Al-Omari IK, Sonbol HN, Al-Ahmad HT, Hamdan AM. Mixed dentition analysis in a Jordanian population. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(4):670-5.

Mothaffar NMJ, Baghdady SHA. The role of environmental versus genetic factors on tooth and dental arch dimensions in a twin sample. J Bagh Coll Dent. 2008;20(1):87-93.

Singh G. Textbook of orthodontics. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2007.

Cobourne MT, Dibiase AT. Handbook of orthodontics. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2010.

Premkumar S. Prep manual for undergraduates: orthodontics. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2008.

Phulari BS. Orthodontics: principles and practice. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2011.

Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. 5th ed. St Louis: Elsevier; 2013.

Pilloud MA, Kenyhercz MW. Dental metrics in biodistance analysis. In: Pilloud MA, Hefner JT, editors. Biological distance analysis: forensic and bioarchaeological perspectives. London: Elsevier; 2016. p. 137-9.

Pamecha S, Dayakara HR. Comparative measurement of mesiodistal width of six anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth in Rajasthan population. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2012;12(2):81-6.

Staley RN, Reske NT. Essentials of orthodontics: diagnosis and treatment. 1st ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2011.

Bishara SE. Textbook of orthodontics. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2001.

Bhalajhi SI. Orthodontics: the art and science. 3rd ed. New Delhi: Arya (MEDI) Publishing House; 2003.

Scott GR, Irish JD. Anthropological perspectives on tooth morphology: genetics, evolution, variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.

Fernandes TMF, Sathler R, Natalicio GL, Henriques JFC, Pinzan A. Comparison of mesiodistal tooth widths in Caucasian, African, and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry and normal occlusion. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013;18(5):131-4.

Hammad SM, Abdellatif AM. Mixed dentition space analysis in Egyptian children. Pediatr Dent J. 2010;20(2):115-9.

Nakhjavani YB, Nahvi A, Izadfar M, Nakhjavani FB, Jafari A. Arch length and tooth size relationship and its role in predicting crowding and spacing. J Appl Environ Biol Sci. 2014;4(8):198-201.

Durgekar SG, Naik V. Evaluation of Moyers mixed dentition analysis in school children. Indian J Dent Res. 2009;20(1):26-30.

Erlangga R. Ensiklopedia seni dan budaya nusantara: Sumatera Utara. 1st ed. Bekasi: Mutu; 2013.

Vergouwen JC. Masyarakat dan hukum adat Batak Toba. Yogyakarta: Lkis Pelangi Aksara; 2004.

Gorjizadeh F, Mahd MJ, Maktabi AR. Analyzing mesiodistal widths of the permanent teeth. Iran J Ortho. 2015;10(2):e5238.

Jain AK, Garg N, Singh J, Ansari A, Sangamesh B. Mesiodistal crown dimensions of permanent dentition of a North Indian population. Indian J Dent. 2011;2(2):16-9.

Pithon MM, Santos RL, Coqueiro RS, Araujo JTS. Applicability of Moyers probability table in the population of the northeast of Brazil. Biosci J. 2015;31(1):311-8.

Garg S, Pathak A, Kaur S. Mixed dentition analysis: applicability of three non-radiographic methods for Patiala population. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2017;4(9):2016-9.

Carrillo JJP, Rubial MC, Albornoz C, Villalba S, Damiani P, Cravero MR. Applicability of the Moyers’s probability tables in adolescents with different facial biotypes. Open Dent J. 2017;4:213-20.
Share:

Z

Arifa , S., Bahirrah, S., Yusuf , M., & Sofyanti, E. (2025). Accuracy of the Moyers 75% Probability Table in Predicting Dental Arch Space in Batak Ethnic Students at the University Sumatera Utara. Journal of Society Medicine, 4(9), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.71197/jsocmed.v4i9.233